Stove.



S. S. THOMAS.

STOVE.

APPLICATiON FILED AUG.29, x912.

Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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I STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.29| 1912.

Patented Oct 5 SHEETS-SHEET;

S. S. THOMAS.

STOVE.

APPLICATION man AUG.29, x

Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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S. 8-. THOMAS.

STOVE.

APPLICA TION FILED AUG.29, m2.

Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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UNITED sT TnsiP 'rE STEPHEN s. THOMAS, or WARREN, 'OHIO, AssIeNon TO THE nco rnnmvihn comrnirii or wannnn, OHIO, A oonrona'mon on 0310.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, STEPHEN S; THOMAS, a citizen ofgthe United States, :residing at *Wa'rren, in the county of Trumbull and STOVE.

v Specification of Letters Patent. Application fiied Au st ae, 1912. Sean narimei.

btate'otohio, have invented certain new and u eful Improvements in Stoves, which the folowing' is a specification.

The present invention relates to a new and improved constructioni'ofstove which combines many of thedesirable characteristics of a firelessicooker with othersswhich the f ordinary fireless are, not possessed by cooker, but which are-generally found in the usual stove or range.

1 5 In addition to all of the above advantages,

the oven and'its contents the'cooking will proc'e'edii the stove of the present invention possessesv .others which are not found in eitherof the previous constructions, but which are a re sult of the 'combining together of certain of the characteristics-of the firelesscooker, with certain of tliose'of the ordinary range.

The stove of the present invention is one burner contained within th heat insu a which has its walls and doors so completely insulated against the passage of heat, that after the desired temperature has once been established, it will be maintained with the application of a minimum amount of additional heat, and consequently with a maxi .mum of eiiiciency. o

The, interior of the stove of the present invention is so arranged that the oven is completely protected against the entrance of anyflof the gases of combustion thereinto,

and

airv in or out. In addition, the passages for the movement of the hot gases are so disposed about the oven that the latter is uniformly heated on its sides,

ff-Z also v make: use of top and bottom,- 40 so .that there islittle if any tendency for;

San

is so perfectly closed when the door is 35 shut as toentirely eliminate any drafts of present t that in obtaining the, above resultshl: may

a; broiler .ot; extremely efiicientdesign, the opening; into which mayzi be made. entirely separate from thatfjinto "the, 1 oven, 'so-that'the latter Ild. ;nQt,-be dis; 7

thus-allowing the cooking p cess may. be attainedregardless of its intensi For example,

Pa edoads,in;

turbed when opening or' elosiii' g broiler; 7 h1 tinue in the oven regardless theib By reason ofthe high degree ofh lation which isobtained injthe' here n d scribed construction, it is found that "afterj i; ought to the desired tenipveratu i other, source of lioat'inay and ,the' Hues through whi and escape may bei c I d' the heat Will be'rctaine similar to that of'a vfiife important diiierence is't be i that in the present ca's h initially introduced, into, t]

inclosure, exactly the "tempera whereas, in the ordinary fireles' s cooker, is sometimes very-diificult,,.to attain as'liigh'; a temperature-as desired, "because' 'the 'f' heat contained within'such cooker 1 troduced through the 1, medium j' offlieated bricks or the like, and ther 'heatcdobjects which may be placed withinthecookefland h whoa heat capacityifisnondefinitelyjlinown.I" it would be extremely fldiflicu lt 'l ordinary firlssf '80 if not impossible in the cooker to attain a temperature hjen'ough'. to carry on a roasting process,

a' process can be easily earn stove of the present invention, 1 I It was previously statedfthat a sired temperature lias'been reachedl stove of the present intention,- tlieifiilsimay' be closed, thus cutting ofil any ifurther e 1 trance or escape of r gas'es, i and. retainingall. 0f the heat within the stove-3 111?ordeijto; eliminate any danger-oi closing flthe flues-Q while the burner is still. open,-. and-,flo n the: other hand, toremove any danger of turning I the gas on to the burner while the flues jfr' ma n =t1 e' l a Provide n ater skbetween; hurner cock and},

whereas such' x a, H V

ing ponnectiong the closure forthe naforement o mean; the m na ed:

owe

the fines may be dispensed fwith, and that sometimes it is unnecessary to close the fines in order to retain a suflicient amount of heat within the stove.

The construction of the present invention is such that an extremely tight connection is provided when the oven door is closed. In fact, by means of the present construction, the oven may be closed so perfectly as to retain within it any steam that may be generated by evaporation from liquids within the oven. Thus the temperature within the oven may be raised to a point considerably above the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure. In other words, by reason of the tight construction provided, temperatures considerably above the boiling point of water may be obtained within the oven, so that viands which would not ordinarily be thoroughly cooked at a temperature equal to the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure may be. cooked in the oven of the present constructiom There; fore, boiling processes may be carried on in the oven at the same time that other foods are being roasted, and thus it foliows that the necessary temperature may be attained for the roasting process, notwithstanding the presence of-the vessels of boilingwater.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a front elevation of the completed stove with the oven door closed and the broiler door open; Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on line 22 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of. the arrows; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking inthe direction of the arrows; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 44. of Fig. 3 looking in the direction 'of the arrows; Fig. 5 .is a horizontalsection taken on line 55 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 6 is a back perspective view of the front plate; and Fig. 7 is a face view of the completed blank which is used for the back and top walls of the oven. The numerals 10 and 11 designate the oven and broiler respectively.

A burner 12 placed immediately above the broiler directs itsflame againsta false bot tom 13 secured to the bottom of the oven. the ,heated gases thence passing by way of side passages 14 and 15 to a top passage 16 above the oven. From the lat-terthe gases flo'w downwardly at the rear of the oven and broiler through the passage 17 to a. point ofeXit 48 near the bottom of the stove.

A sheet 18 constitutes the backs of the oven and of the broiler. and has its upper portion bent and extended forwardly to con stitute the top of the oven. The extreme forward end 19 isjflared out slightly for a purpose to-be'presently described. A U-shaped sheet 20 is secured to the back sheet in such a. way that inconjunction with the back sheet it completely incloses the oven, with the exception of a front opening into which the door seats. The forward edge of-the lower part of the sheet 20 terminates at the point 21, shown particularly in Fig. 3, while the sides thereof extend forwardly and are flared out at thepoints 2,2 and 23, as shown particularly in Fig. 4. A U-shaped sheet 24 has its rear edge secured to the back sheet, but is setv at some distance below the bottom of the oven to provide the spaces 25 and 26 between the broiler and the oven. The forward edges 27 of this U-shaped sheet 24 are also flared out,- as shown particularly in Figs. 3 and 5, in a manner similar to the go forward edges of the sheet 20.

The back sheet 18. which also constitutes the top of the oven, is somewhat wider than the oven and broiler, so that its edges eX-, tend beyond the same to provide the pas- 5- sages 14 and 15. This fact is well illustrated in Fig. 4. Side plates 28 have their forward ends 29 bent inward and brought into contact with the side walls of the oven and rest against the edges of the sheet 18. Theseside plates are of such .a size to extend above the top of the oven and back of the plate 18 for the purpose ofproviding the passages 16 and 17 above and behind the oven. A sheet 30 lies parallel to the sheet 18, both behind. and above the oven, but has its forward end 31 bent down and into contact with the flared out portion '19 of the sheet 18. ,A bottom sheet 32 extends from the lower edge of-the sheet 30 forwardly. and has its forward end 33 bent upwardly and. flared out against the portion 27 of the bottom of the broiler.

v The sheets thus far described, when set to-' gether, will provide .a' complete inclosure for both the oven and the broiler. with the eX- ception of their front portions. However. these are already partly inclosed by thejupturned forward end of the bottom sheet 32,

the downturned forward end of the sheet 30. and by the inturned forward ends of the side sheets 28.. Therefore, the parts thus far described serve to provide an inturned rim completely encircling the openings ..to

both the oven and the broiler. y .115

The construction thus far provided is surrounded by a layer of magnesia .block or the like 34 which in turn is surrounded by a layer of suitable heat insulating material 35. Spacing angles 36 are placed along the edges of the material 35 and serve to space a sheet metal inclosure a suitable distance from the material 35 to providev an air space 37. This sheet metal inclosure preferably comprises a U-shaped sheet 38 which constitutes the bottom and side walls as is bestshown i in Fig. 2. A sheet) 39 constitutes thetop and a: sheet 40 the back of the inclosure, all of said sheets being spaced by means of v '5. pieces 42 are'setonto corner pieces, etc., being held in place necessary, the desired distance t e-mt;

terial In order -finished appearance,

cured along ithe exposed edges,

the corners, all of to give the .inclosure a angle strips 41 are seang byscrews43 which extend through intothe' a'ngle blocks 36. The latter thus perform two functions, namely, they space the out: side sheets the proper distance'from the material 35 to provide the 'air spaces and they serve as abutments into which the screws are p threaded.

an c ner} said desired toprovide fines or" 44 and pass by way of a the side plates-53 and space 37, such air space 'be- Assuming that the doors the oven and broiler. opening connection 45 into. the space 46 beneath the f broiler. sides of the broiler'to the burner,,whcnce the heated gases will pass up; through the.

passages 14: and 15 at the sides of th-e'oven in the manner previously described. It was previously stated that the gases would ultimately flow downward through the space 17 behind the oven and broiler to a point of exit. For this purpose an outlet flue47 has its lower end tapped directlyinto the space'l'? by a connection 48. With the above described construction, it is seen thatboth the inlet and outletare in the upper portion of the rear of the stove. Both of the fines 44: and 47 are open at their upper ends Where they communicate with, atmosphere. It ,was previously stated that at times it would be desirable to provide means for closing the flues for the purpose of cutting oif any further circulation of air and for retaining the heat within the stove. For this purpose, a rod 49 extends across the up per portion of the rear airspace and through the upper ends of the fines, it being provided with doors 50 and 51 for closing the Thence it will pass upward at the and then turnedflatdown the path of flues themselves. -This rod extends out-t0- one side of the stove and terminates in av crank 52 which can bemanipula-ted for controlling the doors. 55 Forthe purposeTof providing a finish-for the front portion of. the.v stove and .-for prowhich the oven 1 hate provid the front-piece shown inlperspectivein.

plates 153 and' '54 which are; fiush lwelded 0 vi centralmember- 57 his? formed l somewhat in the shape ofatube, so asto prom vide inner and outer walls 58 a-nd 59 respecviding abutments; against 1 an'd' brdilerdoors will seat,

6. 1 The: samecomprises two Nertic'al s1 metal- 74 provides an" abutment screws ,75, may head in place.

" he upper d z ac synf the oven and suitably secured t they seat against the oll of the broiler, as iswell 'sho and 5, and-against thefloutvgardl figipe vbroiler, as is Well shown n.

in conjunction with of suitable heat insulating trial my e .pla -dr'in m nnenasimih that in the remainderqofthe tQYfi c nt al m m pr rid i hia spqrt' a. inclos'ure' between the oiifingand; broiler-doors. It has its-edges 60 and;

plates 55 and 5G areflare in ard, .dly fl ward edges 22 s ares-"is. f a; (W 1i against the outwardlyfiared .Ward edges 19 and" e now be apparent that -t edges of the sides, toll gether provide surroundi he soai against a plate 65, as shownfjp'art ga e o fiHgSlib fie as rubber or the likefl66i placeda oun the inner face ofthe fiattened .outlp.0rt ilon so that When the door istclosednthi will tightly seal the crackfandllth vide a practically air-tightj member 67 completely snrrounds, .1 and serves to -hold the. -pl 'efland" gethe'r, as well as to holdt the pan. A head of 6S surrounds the. door a a edge 69 extended downwar the channel; to p event th 1 same from coming loose,..;f, a, A layer of magnesiaghlock O,

. m t a placed within the-pagandare'held against its inside spacer-block '1 so as to provide theair space A V be threaded to hO by hinges 76, as shown in Figs. 1, and;v lee gZlii o -.-th 0 he. 1

h .1, 1 8. itab e im ed s de pressure applied to the handle 79, so that v,the door can always be forced home to provide a practically air-tight seal.

Itwas previously stated that it was desired to secure such a distribution of heat about the oven as would give a practically uniform heating on all sides. Such a distribution of heat will largely if not entirely eliminate any tendency to the production of air currents within the oven, so that, as a consequence, practically 'a dead heat unac companied by air movements will-be the re scribed, there might be a tendency for the upfiowing gases to accumulate or draw together near the rear upper corners of the passages 14 and 15, and there might be a tendency fortlie downflowing aiFto rapidly draw together into the central part of the downwardly extending passage 17 and especially would this be the case at points close to the connection 48 which leads into the flue- 47. In order to control the currents i of gas so as to insure a practically uniform Gil t lt) distribution, I have adopted'an expedient of so proportioning the sizes of the pas sages .themselves, or of so impeding the flow of gases through certain portions of the passages and facilitating the flow through other portions, that the resistance to the flow of gases in practically all paths will be the same, with the result that the distribution will be-practically uniform.

It was previously shown that the sheet 18 which constitutes the rear of the oven and the broiler, and the top of the .oven,

was of full width extending entirely be-.

tween the side sheets 28. Therefore the forwardly extending portion of this sheet would cut off the side passages 14 and 15. from the top passage 16 unless openings;

or perforations were provided in it. To overcame this difliculty, I have provided perforations 82 best shown in Fig. 7 whiclr are arranged along the edges of the sheet 18. These openings are of different sizes depending upon their locations. In the construction illustrated, the forward ones are the largest and they range smaller in size as they progress rearwardly. This is done for the reason that the gases passing up'in'the forward parts of the passages 14' and 15 must travel a. longer distance than those passingup the'rear portions of such. passages, and, therefore, in order to equalize the risistance of the several paths the sizes are proportioned somewhat as illustrated.- l r With the construction as thus far described-there might be a tendency for the. gasesto follow along the edges of -thesh'eet 18 and thins to draw toward the sides of the upper passage 16 and of the downwardly extending passage 17. In order to overcome this, tendency, I have provided a part-if lVith the construction thus farde-- tion 83 best shown in Figs; 3 and 7 which partition extends entirely across the passage 16 and would, therefore, divide the same into two portions. I have, however, provided notches Si in this partition, the sizes of such notches being. properly proportioned to secure the equal distribution of gases. In the construction illustrated, the largest notches are in the middle, and they range smaller as they progress sidewise. This is for'the reason that the longest paths for gas are those which extend'down the middle of the passages 16 and 17.

I have adopted the partition construction illustrated for the purpose of insuring a tight connection of the same against both of the sheets 18 and 30. The outstanding legs 85 of each partition may be welded or otherwise secured to the sheet 18 and the bend of the partition will then rest in contact with the sheet f 30. In this manner when the stove is set together assurance may be had that the partition will efiiciently serve the purpose for which it was intended. In the arrangement shown, the notches 84 are cut out ofthe upper edge of the angle, although, of course, any other construction might be used.

I The arrangements thus far adopted'will give a fairly uniform distribution of heat, but there might still be a tendency for the gases to draw together as they descended in the passage 17. In order to prevent this condition as much as possible, I have pro.- vided a second partition 86 across the lower portion of the passage 17, only a slight distance above the connection 48 which leads into the flue'47. This partition is likewise notched, but its notches are largest at the outside and range smaller as they extendin- Twardly. This is for the re'asonthat the longest paths for gas are those edges of the passage 17.

lVith the arrangements above described,-a practically uniform distribution of gases is obtained, and an extremely uniform heating of the oven is the result. I have, however,

" found it desirable to arrange two or more rows of perforations 88 across the bottomflow of air to the burner.

It was previously stated that where the doorswere provided in the fiues it would be desirable to interlock them with the burner cock, so that the doors could not beclosed 1 while the gas was applied, and so that, on

of the broiler for permitting a more uniform v near the A link 1 be introduced into the oven,

' provided a when thevalve is closed the button 94 will be projected past the disk and the doors closed by the action of the spring. Under these circumstances, the gas could not againbe applied until the user had pushed the autton backward past the disk 98, to thereby again open the doors.

The preferred. form of burner is that illustrated. It comprises a U-shaped pipe 100, the gas from a supply pipe 101 being 'admitted to the central part of the U, as

shown in Fig. 4. The branches of the burner are sawed to provide. a number of transverse slits from whichthe gas emerges, this construction being well known in the art. A bracket 102 secured to the false bottom provides a support for the inner ends of the burner so as to give a very rigid con struction.

For purposes of heating water, I have provided a double reverse bend of water pipe 103, the water entering at the point104 and leaving atthe point 105. This heating coil is located above the burner andhas its bends offset to the sides thereof, so that the flame from each branch of .the burner will strike two of the arms of the heating coil. This construction is well shown in Fig. 4, from which it will be seen that, an extremely efficient water heating system is thus provided.

1 hen it is desired to attain an unusually high temperature in the oven, as much heat as possible should be conserved for heating the gases. At such times, therefore, it would be desirable to reduce the amount of heat carried off by the water to a minimum. For this purpose, I have provided a valve 106 which can never be'completely closed, but will always leave at least a small passage, so that some circulation of water will take place at all times, and thus obviate the dan grs of overheating the coil, or of generating steam.

In case it should be desired to allow steam and the like to escape from the oven as rapidly as it is generated, a connection 107 may the same leading directly into the outlet flue 47. This connection would not need to be large, as 1t would carry off the steam and the like as rapidly as generated.

It is preferred that theseveral sheets.

should be eleetrlcally welded together, as by-:

this means a perfectly solid and uniform for the purpose of e connection may be established. Furthermore, by electr1c welding, it is very easy-to obtain a perfect connection between one sheet and the edge of an abutting sheet. However, I do not in any wise limit myself to any particular manner of establishing the. connectlons.

I claim: I

1. In a stove, the combination of an oven, a burner beneath the same, inclosures for providing passages from the burner upward at the sides of the oven, other inclo- I sures for providing passageways across the top of the oven and down behind the same, pa-rtitlons in said passages for deflecting and distributing the gases along a plurality of paths to obtain a uniform distribution of the gas currents, and an inclosure of heat insulating material surrounding the oven,

burner, and passages, substantially as described. p 2. In a stove, the combination' of an oven, mclosures for providingpassages upward at the sides of the oven, other inclosures for providing a passage across the top of the oven and down behind the same, means for deflecting and distributing the flow of gases in the passages alon a plurality of paths l fecting a uniform distribution of the gases, and means forinitially heating the gases, substantially as described.

3. In a stove, the combination of an oven, inclosu'res for providing passages upward at the sides of the same, other inclosures for providing a passage across the top 'of the oven and down behind the same, partitions between the side passages and the top pas sage, there being perforations in said partitions of sizes varying accordingly to'the lengths of the gas paths, partitions in the tially the same, and means for initially heat-' ing the gases, substantially as described.

4. In a stove, the combination of an oven, inclosures for providing passages upwardat the sides of the same, other mclosures for providing passages across the top of the oven and down behind the same, a burner beneath the oven, an inclosure of heat insulating material incasing the oven, burner, and passages, a cover surrounding the inclosure of heat insulating material and spaced therefrom a desired distance in its back side to provide an air space, a pair of flues located in said air space behind the downwardly extending passage, a connection from one of said fines to the lower ends of the upwardly extending passages, and a connection from the other flue to the lower end of the downwardly extending passage, substantially as described. I

maaaeo .5. In a stove the combination of an oven, inlet and outlet gas connections, passages adjacent the Walls, back, and top. of the oven for the flow of gas from the inlet connection to the outlet connection, a heater located at a convenient point adjacent to the inlet connection, and means for distributing and directing the gases along a plurality of paths adjacent to each of the surfaces of the oven 10 whereby the gases flowing adjacent each surface of the oven maintain the same general direction of movement and whereby a substantially uniform distribution. of heat in the oven is obtained, substantially as described.

STEPHEN S. THOMAS.

Witnesses:

' THOMAS A. BANNING, J13,

WALTER HOELTJE. 

